According
a report issued by Alfa Laval in August 2020, Alfa Laval, Hafnia, Haldor
Topsoe, Vestas, and Siemens Gamesa are working on “Ammonfuel – an industrial
view of ammonia as a marine fuel instead of regular fuels (carbohydrates)”.
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| Ammonfuel will drive the future shiping Industry without Carbon and Sulphur component |
Objective
The ammonfuel report
provides a comprehensive and up-to-date industrial overview of the
applicability, scalability, cost and sustainability of ammonia as a marine
fuel.
Concerns
The known and yet unknown
environmental and climate regulations and requirements such as the MARPOL
regulations and the IMO targets for greenhouse gas reductions. Ammonia has
emerged as a sustainable marine fuel that can deliver compliance. However, some
key concerns about ammonfuel are:
Key concerns
- What is the future cost of green
ammonia?
- Will safety be an issue?
- What is the global availability and
scalability of ammonia as a marine fuel?
- What are the risks faced – or
eliminated – by choosing ammonia fuel for the next investment?
Conclusions
Cost: Conventional ammonia
energy cost is similar to Very Low Sulfur Fuel Oil (VLSFO) energy cost. Future green ammonia is
the most economic carbon neutral fuel.
Safety: Safe ammonia handling is
industrially proven. Ship design will implement
safety solutions for handling ammonia on board
Availability: Availability
and scalability confirmed as global infrastructure has largely in place
Risk: Design
for ammonia and VLSFO dual fuel operation leaves maximum flexibility to minimize
fuel costs and meet future regulations and requirements.
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| Release of Carbon and Sulphur component from ship engine |
Highlights
Ammonia availability and production scalability
120 ports already equipped with
ammonia trading facilities worldwide. Annual ammonia production is 180 million
tons. Conventional production over-capacity of 60
million tons/year ensures availability. Additional ammonia production to meet
30% marine fuel demand in 2050: 150 million tons/year
Demand
for renewable energy to produce green ammonia
400 GW power needed to
meet 30% of future marine fuel demand.
In 2019 alone, 184 GW
additional power production was installed.
Cost
of energy from VLSFO or ammonia
12.5–15 $/GJ for VLSFO
(primo 2020, price is volatile)
13.5 $/GJ for today’s
conventional ammonia (stable since ultimo 2018)
13.5–15 $/GJ forecasted
cost for green ammonia from solar and wind energy in 2040–2050
16–21.5 $/GJ for carbon
neutral ammonia as dual fuel in 2025–2030
Safety
and applicability
17.5 million tons ammonia
safely traded and transported yearly by ship, truck, and train worldwide. Existing
practices and know-how for a safe ammonia handling are established in the
Marine and other industries and adaptable for ammonia as a fuel. Dual
fuel ammonia engine forecasted availability from 2024
Environmental
benefits
- Ammonia is a carbon and sulfur free fuel
- Green ammonia is produced entirely from renewable electricity, water, and air.
- Unlike sustainable carbon-based fuels, the green ammonia feedstocks are unlimited
- Ammonia can burn in an internal combustion engine with no SOX, CO2, or particulate emissions.
- The installation of catalytic (SCR) technology eliminates N2O/NOX emissions to very low levels leaving an exhaust of nitrogen and water.
- Ammonia is metabolized in the environment and does not build-up
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